Therefore, having relied upon an excellent protector, solidify your certainty about the way that all the scriptures are causal factors for one person to become a buddha.
【◎ 是故应当依善依怙，于其一切正言，皆是一数取趣，成佛支缘。所有道理，令起定解。】
LAM RIM CHEN MO 《菩提道次第广论》
然后呢进入大乘，虽然有很多经典，我们现在《华严》做代表，或者你们自己可以想，各式各样的经典上面都这么说。这个文殊菩萨一再开示善财童子，以及他善财童子不断地参访善知识，随处随地那个善知识也一再开示他，说：“你要成佛啊，要成就一切智智，总要依靠善知识。”那么这个详细的情况到后面说，到后面说。这个是我们修学佛法第一步。
善财得到善住比丘的心心传授，心无所住，意念寂静，身根轻快，步行自在。没多时辰来到达裡鼻茶国，寻找自在城。
自在城，依山傍水，滑溜成荫。亭台楼阁朱门彩绘。道路宽广，车水马龙，好一个欣欣向荣的欢乐世界。奇怪的是天空飞鸟成群，自在飞鸣；道路上人畜牛马，往来自由，互不相碍。
善财进城，行人拥挤，畜兽成群，嘘嘘嚷嚷，好不热闹。善财穿街过巷，来到市中心的广场上。广场人兽混杂，挤挤闹闹，互不相侵。天空飞鸟上下，叽叽喳喳，也不畏惧。广场之中高搭宝座，座上坐著一个中年书生，头戴方巾，身穿蓝褂，文雅端庄，静听众人发问。他不慌不忙地用各种语言解答，无不欢喜而去。
善财想：这一定是弥伽，便站著观看。先听不懂，后才慢慢地理解到其中的奥秘。
一隻乌鸦喳喳怪叫，因为被猫头鹰强佔了它的窝。弥伽说：“猫头鹰勤于捕捉害鼠，没有时间照顾自己，你长于造窝，这一鸟窝作为对猫头鹰的供养，另造一个吧。”乌鸦没有异言，欢喜而去。
一隻山鼠吱吱大叫，说蟒蛇吞食了它的孩子，弥伽说：“你的孩子损人利己，偷盗别类的血汗，不听劝阻，是应遭受到惩罚。”山鼠听罢，吱吱地跑了。
善财看了一阵，上前倒身下拜道：“大善知识，我已发菩提心，要利乐有情造福人间。特来参拜大善知识，望慈悲教我。”
弥伽见此人年轻有为，气度不凡，想到此人必有来历，不可等閒视之。即下座扶起善财道：“我没有什麽本领，只会用我的嘴给人方便，因为语言是互传心灵的最好工具。语言能给人快乐，也能给人痛苦；能使人幸福，也能致人于死地；能导致苦恼众生免除灾难，也能使幸福的人堕入火坑；能因嘴而增长智慧，广种福田，更能因嘴而堕三恶道入无间地狱。我懂得天语、人语、鸟语、兽语。用这些语言来广作佈施，消除众生苦恼。”善财说：“这也算解脱众生苦恼啊！”弥伽道：“是。这也是在利乐有情，造福人间路上的一粒沙子。你的愿力大，已发菩提心，请往南方住林聚落去，那裡有一个名叫解脱的长者，也可以告诉你淨化人间、利乐有情的道理和具体行动。”
弥伽说完，又对四面八方的来者，无论人畜，都一一解答，无有稍闲。
善财不便再请教，告辞而别。
善财离开广场，觉得耳根聪利，能听懂空中飞翔的鸟语和街上往来行走的畜语，也能用它们语言同它们交谈。
善财满心欢喜，出了城门，直往南方去拜访解脱长者。
尔时，善财童子一心正念法光明法门，深信趣入，专念于佛，不断三宝，叹离欲性，念善知识普照三世，忆诸大愿普救众生，不著有为，究竟思惟诸法自性，悉能严净一切世界，于一切佛众会道场心无所著。
渐次南行，至自在城，求觅弥伽。乃见其人于市肆中，坐于说法师子之座，十千人众所共围绕，说轮字庄严法门。时，善财童子顶礼其足，绕无量匝，于前合掌，而作是言：「圣者！我已先发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心，而我未知菩萨云何学菩萨行？云何修菩萨道？云何流转于诸有趣常不忘失菩提之心？云何得平等意坚固不动？云何获清净心无能沮坏？云何生大悲力恒不劳疲？云何入陀罗尼普得清净？云何发生智慧广大光明，于一切法离诸暗障？云何具无碍解辩才之力，决了一切甚深义藏？云何得正念力，忆持一切差别法轮？云何得净趣力，于一切趣普演诸法？云何得智慧力，于一切法悉能决定分别其义？」
尔时，弥伽告善财言：「善男子！汝已发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心耶？」善财言：「唯！我已先发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心。」
弥伽遽即下师子座，于善财所五体投地，散金银华无价宝珠，及以上妙碎末栴檀、无量种衣以覆其上，复散无量种种香华、种种供具以为供养，然后起立而称叹言：
「善哉善哉！善男子！乃能发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心。善男子！若有能发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心，则为不断一切佛种，则为严净一切佛刹，则为成熟一切众生，则为了达一切法性，则为悟解一切业种，则为圆满一切诸行，则为不断一切大愿，则如实解离贪种性，则能明见三世差别，则令信解永得坚固，则为一切如来所持，则为一切诸佛忆念，则与一切菩萨平等，则为一切贤圣赞喜，则为一切梵王礼觐，则为一切天主供养，则为一切夜叉守护，则为一切罗刹侍卫，则为一切龙王迎接，则为一切紧那罗王歌咏赞叹，则为一切诸世间主称扬庆悦，则令一切诸众生界悉得安隐。所谓：令舍恶趣故，令出难处故，断一切贫穷根本故，生一切天人快乐故，遇善知识亲近故，闻广大法受持故，生菩提心故，净菩提心故，照菩萨道故，入菩萨智故，住菩萨地故。
「善男子！应知菩萨所作甚难，难出难值，见菩萨者倍更难有。菩萨为一切众生恃怙，生长成就故；为一切众生拯济，拔诸苦难故；为一切众生依处，守护世间故；为一切众生救护，令免怖畏故。菩萨如风轮，持诸世间不令堕落恶趣故；如大地，增长众生善根故；如大海，福德充满无尽故；如净日，智慧光明普照故；如须弥，善根高出故；如明月，智光出现故；如猛将，摧伏魔军故；如君主，佛法城中得自在故；如猛火，烧尽众生我爱心故；如大云，降霔无量妙法雨故；如时雨，增长一切信根芽故；如船师，示导法海津济处故；如桥梁，令其得度生死海故。」
弥伽如是赞叹善财，令诸菩萨皆欢喜已，从其面门出种种光，普照三千大千世界。其中众生遇斯光已，诸龙神等乃至梵天悉皆来至弥伽之所。弥伽大士即以方便，为开示、演说、分别、解释轮字品庄严法门。彼诸众生闻此法已，皆于阿耨多罗三藐三菩提得不退转。
弥伽于是还升本座，告善财言：
「善男子！我已获得妙音陀罗尼，能分别知三千大千世界中诸天语言，诸龙、夜叉、乾闼婆、阿修罗、迦楼罗、紧那罗、摩睺罗伽、人与非人及诸梵天所有语言。如此三千大千世界，十方无数乃至不可说不可说世界，悉亦如是。
「善男子！我唯知此菩萨妙音陀罗尼光明法门。如诸菩萨摩诃萨，能普入一切众生种种想海、种种施设海、种种名号海、种种语言海，能普入说一切深密法句海、说一切究竟法句海、说一切所缘中有一切三世所缘法句海、说上法句海、说上上法句海、说差别法句海、说一切差别法句海，能普入一切世间咒术海、一切音声庄严轮、一切差别字轮际；如是功德，我今云何能知能说？
「善男子！从此南行，有一聚落，名曰：住林；彼有长者，名曰：解脱。汝诣彼问：菩萨云何修菩萨行？菩萨云何成菩萨行？菩萨云何集菩萨行？菩萨云何思菩萨行？」
尔时，善财童子以善知识故，于一切智法，深生尊重，深植净信，深自增益；礼弥伽足，涕泗悲泣，绕无量匝，恋慕瞻仰，辞退而行。
Megha
Then Sudhana, mindful of the light of the Teaching, steeped in intensity of faith in the Teaching, his attention focused on thoughts of Buddha, intent on perpetuating the lineage of the three treasures, remembering spiritual friends, his mind having illumined the worlds of past, present, and future, thinking of great vows, striving for the salvation of all beings, his mind unattached to enjoyment of any created things, praising the tradition of dispassion, intent upon contemplation of the intrinsic essence of all things, firm in the commitment to purify all worlds, sojourning without attachment in the congregations of all buddhas, gradually approached the Dravidian city Vajrapura, looking for the grammarian Megha.
He saw Megha at a crossroads in the middle of the city, sitting on a lion seat to talk about the Teaching, elucidating a scripture called Manifestation of Turning of the Wheel of Letters . Sudhana went up to him, paid his respects, and said, “Noble one, I have set my mind on supreme perfect enlightenment, but I do not know how an enlightening being is to learn and carry out the practice of enlightening beings. How is an enlightening being to preserve the determination for enlightenment? How does one develop a will that is firm in all states of existence and is indefatigable? How does one purify one’s intent, in accord with invincibility? How is the power of great compassion produced so that it never flags? How does one acquire mental command that is totally purified? How is the light of wisdom produced, light free from obscurity in regard to meaning, principle, expression, and presence of mind? How does one acquire the power of recollection, keeping in mind the teachings of all buddhas without confusion? How is the power of migration purified, illumining all states of existence with the truth? How is an enlightening being’s power of concentration perfected, intent on the ascertainment and discernment of the meanings of all principles?”
Now Megha, out of respect for an enlightening being, got off his seat and prostrated himself before Sudhana, then showered Sudhana with golden flowers, precious jewels, and the finest sandalwood powders, covered him with hundreds of thousands of robes dyed in various colors, showered him with beautiful flowers of many various colors with pleasant scents, and honored him with various other offerings, then said to him, “It is good that you have set your mind on supreme perfect enlightenment; one who arouses the determination for supreme perfect enlightenment becomes engaged in the perpetuation of the lineage of buddhas, intent on correctly communicating the tradition of dispassion, engaged in purifying the family of all lands, directed toward guiding the family of all sentient beings to perfection, engaged in properly accomplishing all the teachings and transcending all things, intent on harmony of all actions, engaged in the fulfillment of all practices of enlightening beings, directed toward preserving the continuity of all religious vows, engaged in following knowledge of all times, active in making devotion steadfast, the focus of attention of all buddhas, near to equality with all buddhas, appreciated by all enlightening beings, praised by all sages, honored by all the chief Brahmas, protected by all the chief gods, respected, welcomed, and praised by the chiefs of the various supernatural beings, sought out by all world rulers; one becomes very well suited for putting an end to the three kinds of bad conditions in all worlds, getting rid of all difficult conditions inopportune for attaining enlightenment, getting beyond all states of destitution, attaining birth in celestial or human states, always seeing spiritual benefactors, consistently listening to the lofty buddha-teaching, purifying the will for enlightenment, cultivating the cause of the thought of enlightenment, gaining the illumination of the path of enlightening beings, following the knowledge of enlightening beings, and dwelling in the stages of enlightening beings. “
This is what I think of such a one: enlightening beings do what is difficult to do; it is hard to get to actually see them; they are comforts to the world; enlightening beings are the mothers and fathers of all sentient beings; enlightening beings are an adornment to the world with its gods; enlightening beings are a refuge for those oppressed by suffering; enlightening beings are a place of rest for the protection of all sentient beings; enlightening beings are the breath of life to those suffering all kinds of terrors and calamities; enlightening beings are a wind protecting all sentient beings from the heat of the three evils; enlightening beings are earth, causing the roots of goodness of all sentient beings to grow; enlightening beings are an ocean, a repository of endless treasures of virtue; enlightening beings are a sun, producing the light of knowledge; enlightening beings are the polar mountain, by virtue of the height of their roots of goodness; enlightening beings are a moon, the moon of knowledge of the essence of enlightenment having risen in them; enlightening beings are warriors crushing the armies of all demons; enlightening beings are heroic, having reached the city of the state of independence; enlightening beings are fire, annihilating the self-love of all sentient beings; enlightening beings are clouds, causing vast clouds of true teaching to shower; enlightening beings are rain, causing the sprouts of faculties such as faith to grow; enlightening beings are navigators, showing the way on the ocean of truth; enlightening beings are bridges conveying all sentient beings across the sea of mundane life; enlightening beings are a pathway to the holy for all sentient beings.”
Thus praising enlightening beings to Sudhana in such terms, Megha applauded Sudhana. While he was saying these words pleasing to enlightening beings, there issued from his mouth a mass of flames that made a thousand worlds clearly visible; and all the sentient beings who perceived that light came to Megha, illumined by the light; to them, their attention commanded by Megha, their hands held forth in respectful supplication, their bodies and minds cooled, enraptured, inspired with reverence, divested of conceit, freed from deception, senses tranquil, Megha expounded and conveyed the teaching of the manifestation of the turning of the wheel of letters, upon hearing which they became irreversible in their progress toward supreme perfect enlightenment.
Megha sat back down on the seat of teaching and said to Sudhana, “I have attained the light of the spell of eloquence: I know the speech of all kinds of beings in a billion-world universe; I know the variety of speech of each kind of being; I know the unity of speech of each kind of being; I know the mixture of speech of each kind of being; I know the terms, speech, and concepts of all creatures; I know the ideas of all sages; I know the ideas of all ignoble people; I know the speech of enlightening beings, expressed according to the mentalities and languages of sentient beings; I enter into and focus on the oceans of utterances addressed to all sentient beings by the buddhas of past, present, and future. As in this billion-world universe in each moment of thought I enter into the oceans of all terms, expressions, speech, and concepts of sentient beings, I do the same in untold worlds in each of the ten directions.“
I know this light of the spell of eloquence of enlightening beings, but how can I know the practice or tell the virtues of the enlightening beings who have entered the ocean of what is in various conceptions, who have entered the ocean of the various conceptions and languages of all people, who have entered the ocean of the various conventions of verbal designation used by all people, who have entered the ocean of logical connections of all statements, who have entered the ocean of literalism, who of teaching which is beyond verbal expression, who have entered the ocean of the teaching of the Buddha, who have entered the ocean of explanations of distinct types of statements, who have entered the ocean of explanation guiding the analysis of statements of all truths, who have entered the ocean of speech of all beings, who have gone into the pure arrays of all spheres of sound, who are conversant with the ultimate distinctions of the wheel of phonemes? “
Go, son—there is a country south of here called Vanavasin, where there lives a distinguished man named Muktaka. Go ask him how an enlightening being is to undertake the practice of enlightening beings and become familiar with it, and how the mind is to be observed.”
Then Sudhana, having bowed to Megha and paid respect to the teaching, describing the faith rooted in him, observing that all-knowledge comes from following good spiritual benefactors, reluctantly took his leave and went on.
References 参考资料:
- 《华严经》 Avatamsaka Sūtra
- 善财童子五十三参原文、白话故事、图片 – 弘善佛教网
- The Flower Ornament Scripture A Translation Of The Avatamsaka Sutra By Thomas Cleary : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive
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